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Treatment approaches for buccal mucosa carcinoma include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and various combinations of these modalities, whereas the clinical efficacy is not satisfactory. In this article, literature review was conducted to summarize the current situation of the diagnosis, lymph node metastasis, treatments of buccal mucosa carcinoma, aiming to provide reference for clinical practice.
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Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of polyphyllin (PP) inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of human gl i oma U251 cel l s by di rectl y targeti ng si gnal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Methods: U251 cells were treated with different concentrations of PP, then the effect of PP on the proliferation of glioma U251 cells was detected by MTT assay, trypan blue dyeing and clone forming assay, respectively. Apoptosis of glioma U251 cells was determined by flow cytometry after Annexin-FITC/PI double staining. The change of mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by flow cytometry after fluorescent probe JC-1 staining. SwissTargetPrediction online prediction software was used to detect the targeting proteins of PP. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of STAT3 signaling pathway-related proteins. Molecular docking simulated the binding and action modes of PP and STAT3. Results: PPinhibited the proliferation of U251 cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner (all P 0.05). The hydrogen atom of PP was capable of forming hydrogen bonds with the oxygen atom of aspartic acid (Asp)-334 on STAT3, thereby enhancing its ability of targeting STAT3. Conclusion: PP can inhibit the proliferation of glioma U251 cells and induce apoptosis by directly targeting STAT3.
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Based on the competition reaction of target protein, aptamer probe, padlock probe and complementary sequence, a highly sensitive fluorescent aptasensor was developed in this study in combination with rolling circle amplification. In the absence of target protein, the ligation-rolling circle amplification reaction was repressed because the complementary sequence hybridized with aptamer probe to form double-stranded duplex. While in the presence of target protein, the target molecules bound specifically with aptamer probe, inducing displacement of the complementary sequence and hybridization with padlock probe. The padlock probe was circularized with the assistance of E. coli DNA ligase, and the rolling circle amplification process could be accomplished by Phi 29 DNA polymerase. The amplification product contained thousands of repeated sequences which could hybridize with the loop of molecular beacon ( the detection probes) , resulting in a significant fluorescence signal. The effects of length of complementary DNA ( CDNA ) sequence and concentration of padlock probe were investigated. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the model target protein thrombin could be highly sensitively detected by the proposed aptasensing system in a linear range of 0 . 067-32 . 4 nmol/L with a detection limit of 0 . 03 nmol/L ( approximately 90 amol target molecules). Moreover, the presented sensing method was universal for other target analysis by skillfully design of the sequence of aptamer probe and related oligonucleotides.
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Objective To identify the imaging features of pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas.Methods Eleven patients of pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas proven surgically and pathologically were included.We retrospectively evaluated the CT and MR findings including the location, size, shape, margin, necrosis , calcification, hemorrhage, enhancement degree, enhancement pattern, invasion to other organs, perilesional lymph nodes, metastasis, recurrence.Results The tumors were distributed in the head(n=4), body and tail(n=4),tail(n=3) of pancreas.The median tumor size was 97 mm(27 to 180 mm).Nine cases presented with a well-defined enhancing capsule.Tumor vessels could be seen in 9 cases.Seven cases were hypovascular while the other 4 were hypervascular.Different extents of necrosis could be seen in all masses as a swirling or cleft low density in the enhanced tumors, with an median of 10％ (2％ to 25％).The hypovascular masses more frequently demonstrated a lobulated tumor, heterogeneous enhancement pattern, with a larger necrotic component and were more common invasion to other organs.Conclusions Pancreatic acinar ccll carcinoma typically presents as a sizable pancreatic mass with a well-defined enhancing capsule.
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Objective To investigate the effect of deproteinised calf serum enteric-coated capsules (DCSECC) on cognitive function of patients with epilepsy.Methods Sixty-six patients were randomly divided into two groups including experimental group who received DCSECC 5 mg/d,3 times a day and antiepileptics,and control group who received antiepileptics.To detect the cognitive function by means of Wechlors memory scale (WMS),Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA),event related potentials (P300) latency period and malondialdehyde (MDA) before treatment and after treatment for 1,2,3 months,and compared with 33 healthy subjects controls (healthy group).Results Compared with healthy group,the scores of memory quotient (MQ) and MoCA were signifiantly decreased in experimental group and control group [(80.4 ± 14.2),(79.6 ± 13.9) scores vs.(103.2 ± 30.1) scores; (13.5 ± 4.5),(12.9 ± 3.9) scores vs.(28.8 ±8.7) scores],in the mean time,P300 latency period and MDA were signifiantly prolonged [(380.8 ± 49.7),(389.5 ± 50.4) ms vs.(309.8 ± 44.7) ms ; (5.0 ± 1.8),(4.8 ± 1.7) μ mol/L vs.(2.2 ± 0.6) μ mol/L],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group after treatment for 3 months,the scores of MQ and MoCA in experimental group [(96.5 ± 18.3) scores,(26.8 ± 7.7) scores] were increased and P300 latency period [(321.3 ±36.1) ms] was shortened,there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The level of MDA decreased significantly in experimental group after 2,3 months treatment[(3.02 ± 1.04),(2.99 ± 1.01) μ mol/L],there was significant difference(P＜ 0.05).The scores of MQ and MoCA in control group after treatment had no significant difference compared with before treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The cognitive function in patients with epilepsy is decreased.DCSECC medical treatment can improve the cognitive function by means of antioxidant activity.
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Objective To summarize the CT and MRI features of radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) after radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods From January 1997 to October 2012,a total of 73 NPC patients with RIS after radiotherapy were confirmed by pathology.The clinical data and imaging findings (CT and MRI findings) were retrospectively reviewed.Of the 73 patients,43 underwent CT examination,24 underwent MRI,and the remaining 6 underwent both CT and MRI scans.Results Fibrosarcoma [45.3％ (33/73)] was the most frequently histologic type,followed by osteosarcoma[31.5％ (23/73)] and malignant fibrous histiocytoma [9.6％ (7/73)].The top three common sites were maxillary sinus [26.7％ (20/73)],followed by the neck soft tissue [17.8％ (13/73)] and mandible[13.7％ (10/73)].The main characteristics of the RIS on CT and MRI were soft tissue masses[78.1％ (57/73)] with an irregular shape and ill-defined margin,or rounded masses with welldefined margin [21.9％ (16/73)].CT of 49 patients showed masses with isodensity or mixed density on precontrast CT.MRI of 30 patients showed lesions with isointensity signal on T1WI and intermediate signal intensity on T2WI.On post-contrast images,65.8％ (48/73) tumors showed markedly homogeneous or inhomogeneous enhancement,23.2％ (17/73) lesions showed moderate enhancement,and 11.0％ (8/73) masses showed mild enhancement.Among the 23 patients with radiation-induced osteosarcomas,78.3％ (18/23) presented tumor bone formation.Conclusions RIS has a characteristic imaging features.Clinical history,tumor sites and serial imaging follow-up are necessary for early detection of RIS in patients with NPC.
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Objective To evaluate the signal changes of the skull base after salvage surgury via endoscopic transnasal approach for local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Twenty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiation failure underwent nasophargeryngectomy via an endoscopic transnasal approach were selected from April 2006 to December 2011,including 16 males and 4 females with 31 to 67 years old.Each patient had previously received irradiation and experienced recurrence after 8 to 83 months of completed irradiation.All patients underwent MRI no more than 2 weeks before the salvage surgery and were subjected to repeat MRI scans 2 weeks,3 months,6 months later and semi-annually thereafter,with the follow-up time of 6 to 45 months(median 18 months).A two-sided Chi-square test was used to compare the signal changes and the tendency of changes on all presurgical and postsurgical MR images.Results The MRI signal changes were detected at 92 sites of skull-base between 2 weeks and 3 months after the surgery,which was hypointense on T1 WI with moderate to marked contrast enhancement.In the follow-up period,the signal abnormalities at 36 sites of skull base had resolved or restored to the normal,and 34 sites remained stable,while in 22 sites,the MR signal changes became more obvious.The skull base bones adjacent to the region of the resection were more likely to show signal changes than nonadjacent areas (72 vs.20,x2 =33.128,P ＜0.01).The signal changes were more common on the ipsilateral skull base to the recurrent tumor in contrast to the contralateral skull base (68 vs 24,x2 =21.182,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The skull base signal changes after salvage surgury via endoscopic transnasal approach for local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and it occurs in specific location.Most of sites tend to resolve or be stable at the follow up.
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Objective To explore the traditional Chinese and western medication principle of treating epilepsy based on text mining, and provide a reference for clinical use. Methods Based on the literature data of treatment of epilepsy collected in CBM database, we explored the medication principle of both traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine for treating epilepsy by frequency statistical data based on sensitive keywords hierarchical algorithm, retro-read and manually noise reduction. These laws displayed by the frequency of one-dimensional and two-dimensional network diagram. Results Commonly used drugs in western medicine treatment for epilepsy are phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine and diazepam. Traditional Chinese medicine commonly used are Angongniuhuang Pill, Qingkailing Injection, Wumei Pill, Tongxinluo Capsule, Compound Danshen Dripping Pill, Xuefuzhuyu Capsule, etc. When traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine are combined used, the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicine are Angongniuhuang Pill, Qingkailing Injection and Compound Danshen Tablet, western medicine are phenobarbital, valproate, carbamazepine and diazepam. Common syndromes are yin deficiency of liver and kidney, deficiency of kidney yin, heart tangled by sputum, deficiency of yin, heart disturbance by sputum and fire. Conclusion Text mining technology can be used for summary of medication principle of treating epilepsy and of epilepsy syndrome, thus provide useful exploration and reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Objective To characterize the features of Nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) on MR imaging and find the main points to differentiate it from the other nasopharyngeal tumors.Methods The MR images of 41 patients with pathologically and immunohistochemically proven nasopharyngeal NHLs were reviewed retrospectively. Images were assessed by the size, invasive extent,signal intensity of primary nasopharyngeal tumor, and the distribution of cervical lymphadenopethy. The difference of regional tissues invasion and cervical lymphadenopathy distribution between the patients with B-cell NHLs and the patients with T-cell or NK/T-cell NHLs were analyzed by Pearson's Chi-Square test or Fisher's exact test Results Of the 41 patients, 26 patients had mature B-cell lymphoma, two patients with mature T-cell Iymphoma, and thirteen patients showed Nature killer/T-cell lymphoma in nasopharynx. MRI revealed that NHLs of nasopharynx can be showed as thickening of nasopharyngeal mucosa and (or) lumps in nasopharynx, which were slightly hyper-intensity on T2-weighted images, and intermediate signal intensity (similar to muscle) on T1 -weighted images, with mild or moderated enhancement following contrast medium administration. Twenty four cases had symmetrical disease of all walls of nasopharynx, and 17 cases had unsymmetrical tumor. Of all cases, 5 cases had superficial ulcerations, 9 cases had exceed nasoharynx invasion spreads superficially along the mucosa, 23 cases had invasion of lingual and (or) palatine tonsils,20 cases showed invasion of parapharygeal muscles, 12 cases suffered from skull base bone infiltration,25 cases had retropaharyngeal lymphadenopathy, and 27 cases had cervical lymhadenopathy. Patient with nasopharyngeal Nature killer/T-cell lymphoma had a higher incidence of exceed nasopharynx invasion,parapharyngeal structures invasion, and superficial ulcerations (the cases were 8, 11, 4 in patient with T-cell or N K/T-cell lymphoma, and 4, 10, 1 in patients with B-cell lymphoma, respectively). Patients with nasopharyngeal B-cell lymphoma had a higher incidence of inasion of lingual and (or) palatine tonsils.Conclusions Nasopharyngeal NHL is a homogeneous tumor that tends to diffusely involve all walls of the nasopharynx and spread in an exophytic fashion to fill the airway, rather than infiltrating into the deep tissues. Different pathological types of nasopharyngeal NHLs have some different appearance on MRI between each other. A large tumor in nasopharynx that fills the nasopharynx cavity, with no or minimal invasion into deep structures, but with invasion extend down into the lingual and(or)palatine tonsils, may suggest the diagnosis of nasopharyneal NHL.
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Objective To study the imaging features of Kimura disease to improve diagnostic ability prior to surgery.Methods The clinical manifestations and CT and MR findings of 11 patients with histologically confirmed Kimura disease were retrospectively analyzed.All 11 tumors originated from (or involved)the parotid region in 7 cases, the maxillofacial region in 2 cases, the palate in one case and the groin in one case.Clinically, the lesions showed asymptomatic tumors with the mean clinical course over 2 years.The increase of cosinophilic granulocyte was found in all 11 cases.Results On CT and MRI,5 patients were single masses and others were muhi-nodular masses.The smallest lesion was 6 mm×3 mm,and the largest lesion was 60 mm × 34 mm.The lesions were almost ill-defined in the subcutaneous tissue,especially 10 locating underlying superficialfascia in head and neck.On CT,the lesions showed homogeneous hypodense to the muscle in 9 patients.The lesions appeared isointeuse signal or slightly hypointense on MR T1WI and slightly hyperinteuse on T2WI in 3 patients.All lesions revealed moderate or marked, and homogeneous or inhomngeneous enhancement.Regional lymph nodes (eight cases in the maxillofacial region and one in the groin) enlarged without necrosis and fusion, and with marked enhancement.Conclusion The clinical and imaging findings of Kimura disease have some characteristics, the diagnosis can be made combined with the laboratory examination.
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Objective To compare the diagnostic efficacy of bone scintigraphy and MRI on vertebral metastases in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Methods Forty-seven patients of NPC and clinically confirmed metastatic disease in spine underwent bone scintigraphy and MR examination. The number of involved vertebri diagnosed with two methods were calculated and compared retrospectively. Results A total of 187 vertebral metastases were found in 47 patients, among which 153 (81.82%) were detected with bone scintigarphy and 182 (97.33%) were diagnosed with MRI (χ~2＝23.758, P＝0.000). Conclusion Compared with bone scintigraphy, MRI is superior in detecting vertebral metastases from NPC, and can be used as the first choice for the early diagnosis of spinal metastases from NPC.
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Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of ivermectin with metronidazole in patients with intestinal acariasis.Methods 24 patients with typical intestinal acariasis were selected and divided into two groups,each group had 12 members.Double-blind,randomized clinical trial of ivermectin versus metronidazole was assigned.Results 24 patients completed 3 courses.The total cure rate of ivermectin and metronidazole were 100%(12/12) and 25%(3/12),respectively.There was statistical difference between the two groups(P
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BACKGROUND: Various etiological mechanisms are involved in cerebral infarction. Both free radicals and lipid peroxidation participate in the atherosclerosis and damage of neural cells after cerebral ischemia. Compound danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) is a common prescribed Chinese herb, acting on activating blood circulation and removing stasis for cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease, but its mechanism has been unknown in many aspects.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of compound danshen on neural function defect and free radicals in patients with cerebral infarction so as to probe into its possible mechanisms.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Neurological Internal Department of a hospital affiliated to one university.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 538 inpatients were collected in Neurological Internal Department of First Hospital affiliated to Jinzhou Medical College from February to December 2002, their diagnosis compiled with "Diagnostic Keys on Every Type Cerebral Vascular Disorders" adopted on the 4th National Acadenic Meeting on Cerebral Vascular Disorders, and determined by cerebral CT scan. All of those were the first attack of atherosclerosis cerebral infarction in 72 hours. The patients with cardiac infarction, heart failure, auricular fibrillation, insufficiency of liver and kidney function,hemorrhage of digestive tract, vascular dementia and bulbar paralysis and the patients who could not be well cooperated were not included. A total of 68 patients compiled with the standards, of which, 38 patients were male and 30 patients female, aged varied from 52 to 78 years, at the average of (64. 62 ±5.80) years. The patients selected were randomized into study group and the control by lot-drawing nethod according to the hospitalized sequence and volunteer principle of the control.METHODS: The basic treatment was same in two groups. In study group,compound danshen injection was added together with physiological saline 250 mL for intra-venous drip, once daily, continuous 14 days made one course. In the control, thrombosis removing injection 15 mL was added together with physiological saline 250 mL for intra-venous drip, once daily,continuous 14 days made one course.Level of serum lipoperoxide(LPO) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD).RESULTS: Statistical differences presented in declined scores of severity of neural function defect after treatment in two groups compared with their own controls(in study group: 28.62 ±6.76 vs 13.84 ± 8.16; in the control:28.58±7.05 vs 21.52±8.24, t=8.134, t=3.796 respectively, P＜ 0. 001 ). The score in study group was declined more obviously compared with the control after treatment, indicating very significant difference ( t = 3. 861, P ＜ 0. 001 ). The effective rate of compound danshen injection was 88.24% in treatment of cerebral infarction, which significantly superior to that in the control(67.65% ) (x2 =4.19, P ＜ 0.05). Compound danshen remarkably reduced serum LPO level[ (8.69 ± 1.28) nmol/L vs (5.86 ± 1.42) nmol/L, t =8. 628, P ＜ 0. 001 ] and statistical differences presented compared with the result in the control after treatment[(5.86±1.42) nmol/L vs(8.56±0.95) nmol/L, t=9.125, P ＜0.001] . Simultaneously, SOD activity in serum was significantly increased, [ (26. 25±4. 64) mkat/g vs(30. 01 ± 3.87) mkat/g, t = 3. 629, P ＜ 0. 001] indicating statistical differences compared with the result in the control after treatment[ (30. 01 ±3.87) mkat/g vs(26.33 ±4. 14) mkat/g, t =3. 778,P ＜ 0.001].CONCLUSION: Compound danshen improves significantly neural function defect in patients with cerebral infarction, with definite therapeutic effects on the treatment. It can reduce serum LPO content and increase serum SOD activity in patients with cerebral infarction. It is predicted that removing free radicals and anti-lipid peroxidation damage is probably one of the important mechanisms of it, which provides a further theoretic evidence for the treatment of cerebral infarction clinically.
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AIM: To investigate the effect of homocysteine(Hcy) on the apoptosis of endothelial cells (EC). METHODS: First-passaged human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVEC) were cultured with M199 containing 3 mmol/L Hcy. hUVEC apoptosis was detected as follow: demonstration of nuclear changes by Hoechst 33258 staining, agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments, detection of apoptotic cells by flow cytometry following Annexin V-PI doubled stain, Western blot for P53 and Bax protein detection and colorimetry detecting caspase-3 activity. RESULTS: Compared with control, homocysteine induced characteristic apoptotic changes in hUVEC. The chromosomal DNA of hUVEC appeared “DNA ladder” by agarose gel electrophoresis. Apoptotic cells were increased significantly (P
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AIM: To investigate the influence of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on the anoxia cardiomyocyte apoptosis. METHODS: Using the anaerobic culture apparatus, the apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes, the BMSCs alone and co-cultured with each other were detected by morphological observation, PI staining flowcytometry, electrophoretic gel mobility analysis of DNA fragmentation. Western blotting was used to detect Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression. RESULTS: Compared with control, the BMSCs were unsensitive to anoxic cultured while the anoxic cardiomyocytes were prone to apoptosis. Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was increased significantly, detected by PI staining and agarose gel elestrophoresis showed “DNA ladder”. However, when anoxia cardiomyocytes co-cultured with BMSCs, apoptosis cells were decreased, “DNA ladder” disappeared and the expression of protein Bax was also decreased. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow stromal cells prevent the anoxia cardiomyocytes from apoptosis, probably by suppressing the expression of Bax protein.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical features in patients with pre- or post-operation epilepsy, and to explore the relationship of secondary epilepsy and craniocerebral operations. Methods The patients involved in present study were admitted and underwent the craniocerebral operations in the General Hospital of PLA from Jun.1999 to Feb.2008. The clinical data of epilepsy occurred at pre- or post-operation were retrospectively analyzed. All the 186 patients were divided into the pre-operation epilepsy group(Group A, n=90 ) and the post-operation epilepsy group(Group B, n=96). Based on a standardized questionnaire, a database was established with Microsoft Access 2007 including the primary etiological factor, the location of epileptogenic focus, the seizure frequency, the seizure type, and the abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG). Results Intracranial tumor and cerebrovascular malformation were the main primary etiological factors in group A, and intracranial tumor, cerebral trauma, cerebrovascular malformation and acute cerebral apoplexy were the main primary etiological factors in group B. The four main primary etiological factors for seizures were discovered in significant difference between group A and group B(?2=45.857 3,P=0.000 0). Cranial computed tomography(CT) or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) detected that the most locations of epileptogenic focus were in frontal lobe(31.8% in group A and 29.5% in group B), temporal lobe(30.7% in group A and 26.3% in group B), and parietal lobe(17.0% in group A and 24.2% in group B). The frequency of seizure was significantly decreased in group A(?2=11.313 3,P=0.010 1), and was increased in group B(?2=77.080 3,P=0.000 0). The quantity of abnormal EEG for focal epilepsy was significantly decreased in group A(?2=9.773 4,P=0.007 5), but the increasing quantity of abnormal EEG was not significant in group B(?2=4.366 0,P=0.112 7). No significant difference in seizure type was proved after the craniocerebral operations in group A(?2=0.214 3,P=0.643 4). Campared with the post-operation epilepsy group, the location of epileptogenic focus did not show significant distinction in the pre-operation epilepsy group(?2=1.772 2,P=0.777 6). Conclusions Craniocerebral operation is an effective therapy for the secondary epilepsy with certain epileptogenic focus, and it is one of the definite causes of secondary epilepsy.